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Edwards Deming Corporate Technology - July - September Vol. 6 - 2 - 2023 https://revista-edwardsdeming.com/index.php/es
e-ISSN: 2576-0971
técnicas y métodos de reconstrucción virtual en materia
de tránsito que se han desarrollado en los últimos años.
Como resultado se obtuvo ocho artículos publicados entre
el 2020 y 2023 que son parte de repositorios de alto
impacto. Se concluye que la tecnología de reconstrucción
virtual para el análisis de situaciones de accidentes de
tránsito sigue teniendo avances.
Palabras clave: Reconstrucción virtual, técnicas forenses,
análisis accidentes, reconstrucciones 3d, tecnología de
reconstrucción.
INTRODUCTION
Road traffic accidents are one of the leading causes of death and injury in the world.
Recent statistics show that more than 1.35 million people die each year in road traffic
crashes, and between 20 to 50 million are injured or disabled, moreover, this figure has
increased significantly in recent years. (World Health Organization (WHO), 2018).. In
Ecuador, in the year 2021, 2131 people were killed and 17 532 injured in traffic accidents,
which represents an increase of 33, 9 % and 33.8 % respectively compared to 2020. The
number of traffic accidents in Ecuador is worrisome, especially because of the number
of human lives lost as a result of these accidents. This situation has become a social
problem for various reasons (Saltos Salgado et al., 2005).(Saltos Salgado et al., 2020).
In the report published by INEC (2022) on traffic accidents details the most common
causes, where the driver's carelessness and recklessness with 43.5% is the main cause,
followed by disrespect for traffic signs with 21%, speeding with 14.3%, drunkenness or
drug use with 8%, pedestrian recklessness with 4.6% and other causes with 8.8%.
In addition, violators of the Organic Law of Land and Roads in Ecuador receive sanctions,
but this does not prevent the occurrence of these acts. This is due to the lack of
responsibility of those involved. As an example, Article 106 of the same Law determines
that "traffic infractions are those actions or omissions that, being able and should be
foreseen, but not wanted by the cause, are verified due to negligence, imprudence, or
inexperience, or due to non-observance of the laws, regulations, resolutions and other
traffic regulations" (Asamblea Nacional Constituyente, Asamblea Nacional
Constituyente, 2001). (National Constituent Assembly, 2008).
Therefore, in any traffic accident it is important to determine the cause and responsibility
for an accident, which is possible through forensic techniques because they allow
determining the speed of the vehicles involved, the direction of travel, the location of
the impact, any damage to the vehicle, evidence of reckless driving, and any other
relevant information to determine the cause of the accident.
In addition, accidents include the collection and analysis of physical evidence, the
collection and analysis of tire tracks, pavement marks, vehicle damage, steering and
speed tests, alcohol or drug tests, and other relevant tests. Once the physical evidence