Edited by: Tecnológico Superior Corporativo

Edwards Deming

January - March Vol. 8 - 1 - 2024

https://revista-edwardsdeming.com/index.php/es

e-ISSN: 2576-0971

Received: May 14, 2023

Approved: June 29, 2023

Page 31-39

Practice of physical-sports activities for athletes of

the Ecuadorian Federation of Sports with Visual

Impairment: an integral approach for inclusion and

performance.

Práctica de actividades físico-deportivas para atletas de la

Federación Ecuatoriana de deportes con discapacidad visual:

un enfoque integral para la inclusión y el rendimiento

Alex Arturo Perlaza Estupiñan

María Virginia Ortega León

Orlando Patricio Romero Ibarra

Erika Katherine Alvarez Vera

ABSTRACT

This study addresses a fundamental issue in the field of

sports: the inclusion of athletes with visual impairment in

Ecuador and how a comprehensive approach in the

practice of physical activities and sports can improve both

the inclusion and performance of these athletes. The

objective of the article is to promote a comprehensive

approach in the practice of physical activities and sports for

athletes with visual impairment in Ecuador, in order to

promote their full inclusion in the sporting arena and

improve their athletic performance. The importance of

promoting the inclusion of people with visual impairment

in sports is highlighted, underlining the physical and

psychological benefits that this process can provide. Then,

the current situation of visually impaired athletes in

Ecuador is analyzed and the obstacles they face to fully

participate in physical and sporting activities are identified.

Various strategies and programs that can be implemented

to improve the inclusion and performance of athletes with

visual impairment in Ecuador are explored. These include

adapting sports facilities, training coaches and health

professionals, and promoting an inclusive mindset in

* Msc. Universidad de Guayaquil, alex.perlazae@ug.edu.ec,

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8277-7806

* Msc. Universidad de Guayaquil, virginia.ortegal@ug.edu.ec,

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3590-4045

* Msc. Universidad de Guayaquil, patricio.romeroi@ug.edu.ecm,

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3919-4589

* Msc. Universidad de Guayaquil ,

Erika.alvarezv@ug.edu.ec, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3953-5128

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e-ISSN: 2576-0971

society. In conclusion, the article advocates for a

comprehensive approach in the practice of physical-sports

activities for athletes of the Ecuadorian Federation of

Sports with Visual Impairment, emphasizing that inclusion

and performance are not mutually exclusive goals, but can

coexist and benefit each other.

Keywords: risks, threat, prevention, fire.

RESUMEN

El presente estudio aborda una cuestión fundamental en el

ámbito deportivo: la inclusión de atletas con discapacidad

visual en Ecuador y cómo un enfoque integral en la práctica

de actividades físicas y deportivas puede mejorar tanto la

inclusión como el rendimiento de estos deportistas. El

objetivo del artículo es promover un enfoque integral en la

práctica de actividades físicas y deportivas para atletas con

discapacidad visual en Ecuador, con el fin de fomentar su

inclusión plena en el ámbito deportivo y mejorar su

rendimiento atlético. Se destaca la importancia de

promover la inclusión de personas con discapacidad visual

en el ámbito deportivo, subrayando los beneficios tanto a

nivel físico como psicológico que este proceso puede

proporcionar. Luego, se analiza la situación actual de los

deportistas con discapacidad visual en Ecuador y se

identifican los obstáculos que enfrentan para participar

plenamente en actividades físicas y deportivas. Se exploran

diversas estrategias y programas que pueden

implementarse para mejorar la inclusión y el rendimiento

de los atletas con discapacidad visual en Ecuador. Esto

incluye la adaptación de instalaciones deportivas, la

formación de entrenadores y profesionales de la salud, y la

promoción de una mentalidad inclusiva en la sociedad. En

conclusión, el artículo aboga por un enfoque integral en la

práctica de actividades físico-deportivas para atletas de la

Federación Ecuatoriana de deportes con discapacidad

visual, destacando que la inclusión y el rendimiento no son

objetivos mutuamente excluyentes, sino que pueden

coexistir y beneficiarse mutuamente.

Palabras clave: riesgos, amenaza, prevención, fuego.

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INTRODUCTION

The practice of physical-sports activities represents an essential component in the life of

any individual, as it not only promotes health and well-being, but also fosters values such

as discipline, teamwork and self-improvement. However, for people with visual

impairment, access to these activities can present unique challenges that require adaptive

and specialized approaches.

(Bacigalupo, Benavides, Gauthier, Salinas, 2017, p88), state that people with visual

impairment who practice a high performance sport point out that participation in a

sport has been favorable, since they have acquired greater mobilization

independently, given the motor skills acquired as a result of the sport. They also point

out that they have noticed a significant change related to social inclusion since it has

changed the vision that society has towards them as people, as they feel that they are

now seen with admiration.

The Ecuadorian Federation of Sports with Visual Impairment (FEDEDEDIV) has emerged

as a fundamental pillar in the promotion and development of sports for athletes with

visual impairment in Ecuador. Through innovative programs and projects, FEDEDIV has

sought not only to facilitate the participation of these athletes in various disciplines, but

also to optimize their performance and competitiveness at the national and international

level.

This research seeks to provide a comprehensive view of the experience of athletes

affiliated to FEDEDIV, highlighting the importance of these activities in their personal

and social development. In addition, it aims to identify areas of opportunity for the

optimization of programs and policies aimed at the inclusion and performance of these

athletes.

(Muñoz, Garrote & Sánchez, 2017, p7), state that the design of effective programs for

individuals with disabilities represents an ongoing challenge in university settings and

sports federations. These must provide services and support both in leisure time and

in sports practice, promoting environments that integrate, normalize and include,

leading to situations that stimulate growth and personal development.

The general objective of this scientific article is to promote a comprehensive approach

in the practice of physical activities and sports for athletes with visual impairment in

Ecuador, in order to promote their full inclusion in the sports environment and improve

their athletic performance.

Visual Impairment and Physical Activity

Visual impairment affects a large percentage of the population in Ecuador, encompassing

a wide range of visual problems that vary in the degree of impairment and limitation, this

creates challenges that require trained professionals to implement programs aimed at

physical activities, recreation and sport. People with visual impairment rely heavily on

other senses, such as touch, hearing and balance, to participate in physical activities safely

and effectively. (Traba and Quizhpe, 2019; Castillo and Romero, 2020).

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e-ISSN: 2576-0971

The physical sports activities of athletes with visual impairment, leave positive

conclusions regarding motivation, fun and positive feelings that produce the realization

of sports programs, although many express the difficulty of transportation and adequate

and close spaces for the constant practice of physical activity and sport has allowed them

to overcome many of these limitations (Borja; Iturricastillo; Castillo; Romaratezabala;

Rodriguez; Irati & Yanci, 2021).

Inclusion and Adapted Sport

People with disabilities who intend to participate in sport encounter many barriers to

participation, they may experience a lack of support, and concerns about safety may

arise when participating in non-adapted environments. These challenges can impact

confidence and motivation to participate in physical activity (Mocha, et al., 2019; Nuñez,

Professor, & Palacio, 2020).

To overcome the challenges associated with visual impairment, it is crucial to implement

specific adaptations and strategies. This may include the use of assistive technology, such

as screen readers or auditory navigation systems, as well as the modification of sports

spaces and equipment to ensure safety and accessibility. The training of professionals

specialized in the inclusion of people with visual impairment in physical activity and sport

plays a key role. "Adapted sport represents a real importance in the personal and social

development of the individual who practices it. One of the main benefits to be taken

into account is that of a psychological nature." (Zucchi, 2001)

Adaptations and Strategies to Facilitate Participation of Persons with

Disabilities

The World Health Organization stresses the importance of physical activity, considers

that its constant performance by people is a factor that positively influences their health

and considers it as a strategy to prevent obesity. This ranges from daily activities such

as household and work tasks, to activities that require effort, such as doing high

performance sports. (Tuqueres and Vaca, 2020; Avalos et al., 2021).

The creation of strategies to include people with disabilities in physical activity and sports

programs is the responsibility of governmental, sports, educational entities and society

in general. These adaptations can be of various kinds, ranging from adjustments in the

physical environment to the implementation of assistive technologies (Caballero and

Aguilar, 2019; Olmedilla, 2020).

It is necessary that according to the population group with which we work, so that

they can progress in the personal and social order, to attend to their possibilities and

potentialities obtained in the evaluation and characterization carried out, and

according to these, the need to make more significant and individualized adaptations

will be greater, therefore, adaptations must be made to the basic elements of the

curriculum, these are: the objectives, contents and methodology (Muñoz, Fleitas,

Tamarit & Figueredo, 2021, p914). (Muñoz, Fleitas, Tamarit & Figueredo, 2021, p914).

Physical and environmental accessibility creates a safe environment for the participation

of all people with various types of disabilities, modification of infrastructure to ensure

access for people with reduced mobility (ramps, elevators, wide corridors), signage and

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e-ISSN: 2576-0971

tactile guides to facilitate the orientation of people with visual disabilities. Rest spaces

and accessible areas in sports and recreational facilities (Toaquiza, 2020; Zambrano and

Hincapié, 2022).

Assistive technology are also key strategies in promoting physical and cognitive activities

such as chess and various board games, use of devices such as screen readers, voice

recognition software and adapted keyboards for people with visual or motor disabilities.

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) technology for those with speech

difficulties.

Appropriate sports adaptations, such as implements that meet the necessary

characteristics for physical activity for people with various types of disabilities. Adapted

sports equipment and materials, such as sport-specific wheelchairs or hearing balls for

sports such as goalball. Modification of rules or sports modalities to accommodate the

needs of participants with disabilities (Hernández, Gámez and Gamonales, 2021; Díaz,

Pozo and Romero, 2023).

In the case of the visually impaired happens that this pathology are many diseases

related to vision, which suffer many people, some of these have the ability to perform

physical activities passively and others with the possibility of practicing a sport with

the controlled demands of the same (Perez & Perez, 2009).

Challenges in Sports Practice for People with Visual Impairment (FEDEDIV).

The sports federation for the visually impaired aims to develop sports programs and

activities focused on visually impaired people that reflect its commitment to the inclusion

and well-being of this population. First of all, its intention to encourage the practice of

sports and combat sedentary lifestyles among blind people is crucial. This not only

contributes to physical health, but also promotes independence and self-confidence,

which is fundamental to the integral development of each individual. The focus on the

different phases of sports practice, from recreational to high performance, demonstrates

comprehensive attention to the needs and aspirations of the participants, providing them

with opportunities to grow and excel in the sports environment. (Correa et al., 2021;

Cardona et al., 2022).

FEDEDIV stands out for its programs and projects with a participatory and empowered

vision by constantly involving people with visual impairment where it gives them an active

role in their environment, where they are trained with high-level professionals to

influence issues that affect them directly. The sustainability of the services and advances

established during the projects is ensured, as well as their progressive integration into

public policies.

Personalized support from trainers and assistants trained in the inclusion of people with

disabilities, who can provide individualized support. Accompaniment of companions or

guides in activities that require additional guidance or assistance. FEDEDIV seeks

awareness, education and training to promote inclusion and understanding of the needs

of people with disabilities. (Neptali and Rodriguez, 2021).

Inclusive communication ensures that information, such as instructions and

announcements, is available in accessible formats, such as braille, large text or descriptive

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e-ISSN: 2576-0971

audio. Encourage verbal and non-verbal communication to accommodate different

communication needs. Be prepared to adjust and adapt strategies according to the

individual needs of people with disabilities. Foster an environment open to suggestions

and feedback to enhance participation. (Muñoz et al. 2021).

The challenges are constant for people with visual impairment, but these challenges only

encourage the sports federation for people with visual impairment to continue

developing programs and projects that seek the massification of all sports modalities in

which people with disabilities participate, promoting health, sportsmanship, motivation

and education, with adequate and trained personnel to meet the demands of the

characteristics of this segment of the population. (Sánchez and González, 2020; Palacio

et al., 2021).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The research adopts a comprehensive approach that combines a thorough review of

scientific literature with the collection of testimonies and specific data from the

Ecuadorian Federation of Sports with Visual Impairment (FEDEDEDIV). The importance

of the practice of physical-sports activities for people with visual impairment is supported

through authors such as Bacigalupo, Benavides, Gauthier, Salinas (2017) and Muñoz,

Garrote & Sánchez (2017). In addition, a qualitative approach is employed by collecting

testimonies from individuals with visual impairment who participate in FEDEDIV

programs, providing valuable information about the benefits and effects of sport practice

in their lives. The relevance of specific adaptations and strategies to facilitate the

participation of people with visual impairment in physical activities and sports is

emphasized. The research is supported by quotes from authors such as Borja,

Iturricastillo, Castillo, Romaratezabala, Rodríguez, Irati & Yanci (2021), Zucchi (2001),

Pérez & Pérez (2009), Muñoz, Fleitas, Tamarit & Figueredo (2021) to support the need

to implement these adaptations and strategies in inclusive sport environments. In

summary, the study integrates contributions from the scientific literature with concrete

experiences of FEDEDIV, demonstrating the importance of approaching sport practice

in people with visual impairment in a comprehensive and adaptive manner.

RESULTS

The year 2023 The University of Guayaquil and the (FEDEDEDIV), develop a project for

the study of the practice of physical-sports activities for athletes affiliated to the

Ecuadorian Federation of Sports with Visual Impairment (FEDEDEDIV), reveals an active

participation in various disciplines, such as athletics with a number of 35 athletes, male

Goalball with a number of participants of 70, female Goalball with a number of

participants of 30, Adapted Soccer, number of participants of 45.

These numbers demonstrate a significant interest on the part of the visually impaired

community in the practice of sports. It is encouraging to observe high participation in

both individual and team sports, reflecting the diversity of preferences and abilities within

this community. (Perez et al., 2022).

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Goalball, in particular, emerges as a particularly popular discipline, with a total of 100

participants (70 male and 30 female). This sport adapted specifically for the visually

impaired has gained recognition and acceptance among the community, providing a

valuable platform for active participation and competition.

It is important to note that these results are a testament to FEDEDIV's success in the

promotion and development of adapted sports in Ecuador. The federation has managed

not only to attract a large number of participants, but also to maintain an equitable

participation between men and women in Goalball.

DISCUSSION

The high participation in these disciplines highlights the importance of inclusion and the

creation of accessible sports environments. The testimonies collected during the

research support the idea that the practice of sports not only benefits physical health,

but also has a positive impact on the personal and social development of athletes with

visual impairment.

Goalball, in particular, has proven to be a particularly relevant and attractive sport for

this community. Its popularity can be attributed to its specific design that allows for the

active participation of people with visual impairments and promotes a sense of

competitiveness and camaraderie.

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