Tendencias emergentes en la literatura sobre el psicológico

Bernardo Ovalle-Correa *

David Ramos-Tomalá*

ABSTRACT

The Psychological Contract is a set of beliefs and

expectations, based on explicit or implicit promises, that a

person exchanges with the organization. The development,

health, stress and depression show a high interest for

future lines of research; however, the performance and

impact of psychological models on work performance

show a high density or degree of development, with a

relatively low level of relevance. Finally, the contributions

and limitations for future research are presented .

Keywords: psychological contract, job performance,

bibliometric analysis; scientific mapping.

RESUMEN

base Web of Science desde 1984 hasta Septiembre del

2023. Los resultados muestran la evolución al través del

identificando tres líneas o corrientes de trabajo. Las

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9630-0494

* MBA, Universidad de Guayaquil, david.ramost@ug.edu.ec

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2702-8926

dimensiones relacionadas a la salud, stress y depresión

evidencian un alto interés para futuras líneas de

Palabras clave: psychological contract, job

performance, análisis bibliométrico; mapeo científico.

INTRODUCTION

The current economic model system is imposing new challenges for organizations to

innovate and implement strategies from within; in an environment of globalization that

they face, contributing to the change and evolution of the traditional company-

employee/worker relationship, and it is in this context where the Psychological, is

estimated as a determinant factor of behavior within organizations (Tena, 2002; Topa et

al., 2022). As knowledge and scientific production on a given topic has been increasing,

"performance", it reported 4,990 results, and when expanding performance as work

performance, 2,160 results were reported, most of them published as books or journals

that do not appear in Scopus or WoS quartiles.

Due to the priority it has become for companies and the academic community, this

paper aims to contribute to the general knowledge of psychology and its impact on work

performance, specifically by addressing the following questions: which are the most

influential authors, papers, journals, institutions and countries in the literature; what is

the structure of knowledge in this area; and what directions is research on the subject

taking? So far, no research has been identified that addresses and answers these

questions.

studio, Bibliometrix, Litmaps and VOsViewer were used to visualize the trends and

behavior of the scientific production registered so far.

The psychological contract does not have a single origin or source, but is established

and is sensitive to multiple elements, such as co-workers, the work team, the direct

supervisor, or managers and directors who may make decisions about working

conditions (Becker, 2003).

The main difference between the two forms of contracts, written and unwritten, derives

from the relationships between organizations and their members. Psychological

contracts, on the one hand, as individual beliefs are considered a reciprocal obligation

between the individual and the organization on the other hand implicit contracts are

mutual obligations that characterize existing interactions at the level of the relationship

(Rousseau, 1989).

Psychological contract violation refers to the feelings of anger and betrayal often

experienced when an employee believes that the organization has failed to fulfill one or

more of these obligations (Morrison & Robinson, 1997). The impact of violations is

In addition, trust (along with unmet expectations) may mediate the relationship between

psychological contract breach and employees' subsequent contributions to the firm.

Initial trust in the employer at the time of hire may also moderate the relationship

between psychological contract breach and subsequent trust such that those with high

initial trust experienced less of a decline in trust (Robinson et al., 2012).

A psychological contract breach is a subjective experience referring to the perception

of one party that the other party has adequately failed to fulfill its obligations and

promises (Topa et al., 2022). Usually a determinant for psychological contract breach

in the relational dimensional between trust and the degree of employee commitment, as

well as the transactional dimension is the fulfillment of the compensation expected by

streams (Briner and Denyer, 2012). This hinders the ability to accumulate knowledge

and actively gather evidence across a body of previous research work.

application; on the one hand, the response to the study of science and the evolution of

scientific production and, on the other hand, editorial management. This discipline

empirically studies the scientific activity generated by authors and collaborative groups,

through the final product of research, the scientific article.(Juárez et al ., 2016).

The use of bibliometrics is gradually spreading to all disciplines. It is particularly suitable

for scientific mapping at a time when the emphasis on empirical contributions is

generating voluminous, fragmented and controversial research streams (Corrado, 2017)

. Scientific mapping is complex and unwieldy because it consists of several steps and

often requires numerous and diverse software tools, not all of which are necessarily free

(Corrado, 2017).

Although automated workflows are emerging that integrate these software tools into

an organized data flow, in this article we propose a unique open source tool, designed

by the authors, called bibliometrix, to perform comprehensive scientific mapping

the development of the literature related to the Psychological Contract and its impact

on work performance. A review of the research was carried out using bibliometric

techniques. These techniques have been a contribution to the scientific community and

have served as reference information for researchers.

and also because it is among the world leaders (Zhu and Liu, 2020). The criteria used

for the search are listed in Table 1.

Table 1. Attributes considered for analysis

To generate data, all fields (topic, theme, keywords, abstract, etc.) were searched in a

single query. This allows you to easily find search terms in any field.

a) An annual growth rate of 9.33 % was observed.

occupational health/industrial engineering and 12.22% in the area of administration.

Administrative. The rest, i.e., 24% , grouped to 51 remaining WOS categories.

Figure 1. Chronological publications compared to subject citations.

Table 2 . Most relevant reviews

FIGURE 3. Relationship Trust and Breach of the Psychological Contract (Robinson,1996).

authors in later works is observed, Table 7, shows by the order of importance and

references to them, the articles considered as the most important seeds.

Branch 1: Clouster or keyword-associated branches - E-loyalty

Branch 2: Clouster or Keyword-associated branches - Psychological

habituation of artificial prostheses

This cloustering, research related to the area of small and medium-sized enterprises

(SMEs), which execute "projects" through partial engagement, coupled with the

distinction between project innovation and entrepreneurial innovation, makes it difficult

to extract innovations in a meaningful way, there is limited research to understand how

innovation is perceived and narrated in practice(Page et al., 2021b), generally also

address employee/employer relationships and changing employment conditions give rise

to issues that are not addressed in conventional transaction-oriented models of

individual motivation and responses. The development, maintenance, and violation of

psychological and implicit s are described along with their organizational implications.

Then, the Force Atlas II algorithm (Jacomy et al., 2014) was used, which places the most

connected nodes in the center of the map, the less connected ones towards the edges

and avoids their overlapping; from this, the map of cocitations of this area detailed in

Figure 7 was obtained.

Figure 6. Map of Cocitations

This technique is based on the graph theory, since it allows generating information

associated to the typology and characteristics of the network and the documents that

integrate it, three "high density areas" are identified, which group the documents by the

colors Cluster-1-blue (14), Cluster-2 red (20) and Cluster -3.green (10).

Based on the map in Figure 9, these areas are described in detail in Table 6, where, among

other attributes, the identified documents are detailed and each cluster area has a name

where both dimensions are positive, indicating that it is a field that science is continually

researching and developing.

Figure 8. Thematic Map

In terms of health, stress and depression, research has been carried out on the

constructs of depression, risk, stress and the symptoms identified in the face of

Figure 4 . Health, stress and depression

constructs and dimensions Job Satisfaction, Behavior, Noncompliance vs. Psychological

Figure 5. Model Performance Impact

Finally, in terms of experience and perceptions, research has been conducted on the

constructs and dimensions Cortex, Experiences and Individual Differences and their

impact on Psychological

Figure 6 Experience and Perceptions (Psychological Contract)

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