Manipulation of statistics in information: a worrying practice

Abstract

Statistics is a very versatile and indispensable tool for analyzing and making decisions in a wide range of areas, such as science, politics and communication. However, it can be manipulated for questionable purposes and generate serious consequences in society as a result of its use. The manipulation of statistics in information produces a distortion of the truth, affecting people's decision-making, individually and in groups, producing: making erroneous decisions, based on false information; economic losses due to investments or purchases based on unfounded information; and, health risks, caused by the lack of important information on safety or effectiveness. To illustrate the case, a methodology based on critical analysis was applied; evaluating and contrasting sources, identifying biases and inconsistencies and selecting validated information, conducting a context search, examining the environment and the variables that influence the statistics and the techniques used to display the data at the convenience of the interested parties. Finally, the ethical and social implications of this manipulation were discussed, as well as possible solutions to prevent and combat it.